High molecular guanamines and a



Patented Oct. 12, 1948 HIGH MOLECULAR GUANAIVHNES AND A,

PROCESS FOR THEIR,MANUFACTURE Jakob Bindler, Basel, Switzerland, assignor to J. R. Geigy A. G., Basel, Switzerland, a Swiss No Drawing. Application August '24, 1942, Serial No. 455,957. In Switzerland August 18, ,1941

Section 1, Public Law 690,-August-8, 1946 Patent expires August 18, 1961 7 Claims.

It hasbeen foundthathigih molecular acylbiguanides which have been describedassintermediate products for the production of watersoluble derivatives, can be-convertedinto the corresponding guanamines, with an excellent yield, by-heating to temperatures abovel'lO" C.

For the condensation which takes place with ringclosure and water separation for example the acylbiguanides according to the following formula come into consideration:

In this. R1, indicates a. high molecular aliphatic radical with. 8-18 carbon atoms and R2 and R3 represent hydrogen or aliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic, hydroaromatic or hetero-cyclic radicals, which may also belong to the same ring system.

Alsothe derivatives of the acylbiguanides of the aboveiormula come into consideratiomin which the, hydrogenatoms of the basic nitrogen atoms are replaced wholly or partly by alkyl and/or aralkyl radicals.

The high molecular.acylbiguanides, serving as starting materials, .may be produced according totheusualprocess. For example dicyanodiamide may be acylatedwith the carboxylicla'cids coming into; question and theacylbiguanides beproduced from the acylated cyanoguanidines'thus obtained, by means of ammonia or, suitable organic bases or their salts. Compounds with similar or corresponding properties are obtained, when ammonia, organic amines or their salts are first caused to react with dicyanodiamide by addition and the acylation is carried out afterwards. The ac'ylbiguanides thus obtained may still be alkylated or aralkylated up to the tertiary stage. It is even possible'tostart with alkylated intermediate products, for example to methylate dicyanodiamide with dimethylsulfate, then efiect acylationand thereupon to react with an amine by addition.

For the acylationhigh molecular aliphatic carboxylic acids, which according to the definition must contain 9-1.9- carbon atoms, or their functional derivatives come into consideration. Pelargonic acid, capric acid, palm nut fatty acid, lauric acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, oleic acid and so on may be mentioned. Instead of pure acids alsomixtures thereof come into consideration.

As organic bases for the addition come into consideration, primary or secondary, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic, aliphatic-.araliphatic, aliphatic-aromatic, aliphatic-hydroaromatic',, araliphatic, araliphaticaromatic, araliphatic-hydroaromatic, aromatic, hydroaromatic and heterocyclic monoand poly-amines or their derivatives substituted by hydroxyl, O-alkyl, halogen, -CO OH, SO3I- I. There may beenumerated': methy -.ethyl ethanole, pro y a, butylr, amylr, allyl-amine, the corresponding-simple andjmixed substituted dialkyl amines, .alkyLbenzyl, amines such. as methyland. ethyl-benzyl amine, 1alky1 phenyl amines such asxmethyL, ethyl-aniline, -o-t 0luidine, -X ylidine (mixture) alkylcyclohexyl aminessuch as N -'m.ethy11cyclohexyl amine and ,so on; benzyl amine, chlorobenzyl amine, benzyl aniline, benzylem-toluidine, benzyl-cyclohexyl amine, aniline, toluidines,. or xylidines and mixturesthereof, p-aminodimethyland ethyl-ant,- line, 0-, mand;p-phenylene-diamine,.cyclohexyl amine, Cemethyl .cyclohexyl amine, .piperidine and morpholine.

For the alkylation or aralkylation the usual agents come into-consideration such as dialkyl sulfates, alkyl halides, alkylene .oxides, halogen hydrines, toluene sulfonic acid esters and. so forth.

The starting materials may, as iseknown, :be produced rinlthe presence or. absence of solvents or diluents and frequently. advantageously in .the presence ofiindifierent gasessuch as CO2, N2, etc.

Furthering closure, heating totemperatures above C. is necessary as mentioned. Between and 210 C. the water; separation takes place best, but even higher temperatures can be used, for example-250-260 0., but the-reaction, products are. discolored with an increasedhighertemperature. The addition of diluents, for example thosev which form azeotropic-mixtures with the reaction water ,is recommended in individual cases, but in general the simple and undiluted heating of the high molecular .acylbiguanides suffices.

By conversion into. water-soluble derivatives for example by exhaustive alkylation, hydroxalkylation, aralkylation, or .sulfonation with sulfuric acid, oleum, chlorosulfonic acid, even in the presence .of phosphorus halides, sulfur chlorides or organic solvents such as ether, pyridine or acetic, acid anhydride and so on, valuable capillary-active compounds are formed from theguanamine derivatives. Amongst other things these may-serveas textile auxiliary agents, thus for example vas strippingw agents and levellingagentsin vat dying, and as softeningagents and water fastnessimprovers; but theyv may also be used as washing, emulsifyin dispersing and, wetting agents, in which connection the insensitiveness to calcium and the solvent and emulsifying property for calcium soap is worthy of mention.

It is known to produce guanamines by heating salts of fatty acids of guanidine or biguanide. The reaction to some extent is only successful with low fatty acids, with the increase of the carbon atom number of the fatty acids used its course is more unsatisfactory. As the highest acid oenanthylic acid still yields a guanamine according to statements in technical literature. Furthermore it is known to convert biguanide with benzoyl chloride in the presence of caustic soda. A control-work also showed here that the yields of phenyl guanamine are extremely poor. The remaining guanamine-forming reactions, known from literature, are not practical technically, as they start from expensive, complicated compounds such as amidines or nitriles.

It has recently been proposed to produce guanamines by reacting biguanides with carboxylic acid ha1ides in the presence of non-caustic alkalies. The course of this reaction is entirely smooth and easy at temperatures of about 110 120 C. No intermediate products are noticed. --Theoretically the guanamine formation should take place through the corresponding acylbiguanides. It has however been found that the known high molecular acylbiguanides do not form any trace of guanamine at temperatures of l-l20 C For their production heating to 130-l60 C. may be effected without the occurrence of ring formation. In a surprising manner the guanamine formation takes place at temperatures above 170 C., preferably at 190-210 0.; this is the more surprising as it is known from technical literature that salts of guanidines or biguanides and acids, containing more than 8 C-atoms, do not in fact form guanamines when heated. In contrast with the formation of guanamines from biguanides, acid halides and non-caustic alkali-s there is also obtained the substantial advantage that for the production of the acyl biguanides, serving as starting materials, it is possible to use the free acids themselves instead of the expensive acid halides. Furthermore the entire reaction, starting for example from the dicyano diamide, can be carried out in one step to guanamine,

The present invention is illustrated, but not limited, by the following examples, the parts be-, ing by weight. Example 1a 94 parts of stearoyl-xylyl-biguanide, produced by heating stearic acid and dicyanodiamide for 12. hours in vacuo and reacting the stearoylcyanoguanidine with a xylidine mixture for 12 hours at 130140 C. in the presence of carbon dioxide, are-heated for 12 hours to 190-200 C. whilst stirring. The initial thick paste becomes thinly liquid on the continuance of the reaction. After cooling-a bright, brittle mass is obtained.

Example 1b 4 Example 2a 88.5 parts of I lauroyl-N-isopropylxylyl-biguanide, which may be obtained by heating lauroylcyanoguanidine with a mono propylated xylidine mixture, as indicated in Example 1a, are heated to 180220 C., whilst stirring, until the completion of water separation. After cooling an almost colorless brittle mass is obtained.

Example 2b When the guanamine compound, obtained according to the above particulars, is sulfonated as indicated in Example 1b, a sodium salt of the sulfonic acid is obtained which possesses practically the same properties as the compound according to Example 1b.

Example 3a 15 parts of the guanamine compound, produced according to Example 3a, are dissolved in 250 parts of chlorobenzenatreated with 13 parts of anhydrous sodium carbonate and 14 parts of dimethyl sulfate and heated for 6 hours to C. After I removing the inorganic salts and expelling the solvent, a brown mass, soluble in acids, remains. 14 parts of'this methylated compound are heated to 60'65 C.'with 8 parts of dimethyl sulfate until water solubility occurs. The quaternary compound is excellently suitable for softening textiles.

Example 4a 44 parts of stearoyl-phenyl biguanide (or;

equivalent parts of the hydrochloride thereof), producedby heating' dicyanoamide first with stearic acid and then with 'aniline (or aniline salts,such as aniline hydrochloride) or by acylating phenyl biguanide with free stearic acid in vacuo, are cyclised by heating to above C., preferably at 200 C. A practically colorless brittle'mass is formed which, should it contain acid, may be converted into the free base by neutralisation.

Example 41) 64 parts of the guanamine derivative obtained according to Example 4a are methylated in chlorobenzene with 35 parts of anhydrous sodium carbonate and 38 parts of dimethyl sulfate according to Example 312.- A wax-like brown mass remains. r

15 parts of this compound are dissolved in 30 parts of sulfuric acid monohydrate and sulfonated with 15 parts of 26% oleum at 0-5 C. until a sample is clearly soluble in a dilute sodium carbonate solution. When this has occurred itis poured on ice'and the separated sulfonic acid is filtered off. By conversion into the sodium salt a bright powder is formed which is particularly suitable for use as levelling and stripping agent in vat dyeing;

j' :Example "5a 1' 1041 parts: bfi'the reaction mixture of"'24 parts of mono methyl aniline rand80 parts of a'methyl- -"ated'*stearoylcyanoguanidine, .(produced by'reacting stearic "acid 'with dicyano'diamide iand meth'yl'atingahe"st'earoylcyanoguanidine accordinghtouthe following prescription: 175"parts"of stearoyl'cyano'guanidine are first heated to C., finally-for. 16 hours to 110-120 C., chlorobenzene with 126 parts of dimethyl sulfate :1 and 106 parts of anhydrous-sodium carbonate, the salts are filtered off and the whole is evaporated in vacuo),whichhas beeniheated for 18 hours to 130-140 C. in a C02 atmosphere, are then heatd directly to 19021'0'C. until the water #separaltion has finished. --A'--sem-i-solid"mass"is 1 obtained-whichsolidifies'on "standing.

"Example 5b 30 parts of the guanamine. com-poundobtained according to"Exam'ple..-5a-.are sulfonatedt-as in Example'4b. The neutralised final product possesses the same properties as the sodium salt according .to Example 41).

Example 60.

QZrpar-ts'of 'stearoyl--benzyl#biguanide made by heating; for '12 :hourssstearici acids and: dicyano diamide in vacuo and converting the sci-obtained stearoyl cyanoguanidine with benzylamine, are heated during 6 to 8 hours, while stirring, to 190-200 C. After solidifying there is obtained a brittle mass which may easily be pulverised.

Example 6b Ewa'mple 7a 44 parts of a condensation product, produced from stearoyl-cyanoguanidine and morpholine by heating for 6 hours up to 130 C. and subsequent raising of the temperature to 190-200 C. are dissolved in 300 parts of chlorobenzene, then treated with 39 parts of dimethyl sulfate and 3 parts of sodium carbonate and heated for 6 hours up to 100 C. After removing the inorganic salts and expelling the solvent, a brown mass remains which is soluble in acids.

15.5 parts of the methylated base obtained according to Example 7a are heated at 65 C. with 6 parts of dimethyl sulfate, until water solubility occurs. The quaternary compound is very suitable for softening textiles.

instead of the high molecular acyl biguanides used in the above examples it is possible to use equally well those which are produced from mixtures of the fatty acids, such as are contained in the naturally occurring fats, oils and waxes instead of from the pure lauric and stearic acids. There may be mentioned palm nut fatty acid, train-oil fatty acid, cotton seed oil fatty acid 6 sandusowforth. There:mayabezmentioned::asfifurther fatty acids: oleic-zacidz palmitic acidnmyristic acid or the over acids or their mixtures mentioned in the. general part of the present speci- I fication.

As biguanides there-come into consideration A for the production" of. the.-acylcompounds ,sbig-uanide,.- methyl-, .-ethyland butylebignanide, p-chlorophenyl -a o-.; and. p-toly1-, .anisidyl-,- byclohexyl-- and piperidyl-biguanide,lbutalso.nitroand -.aminophenyl-.-biguanides, as well.- asamino V. andalkyl: aminoalkyl .biguanides, for" example; di-

. ethyl amino-ethyl biguanide. come: into question,

As. starting-materials: there furthen come into considerationforwexampleithe. following: known compounds: .lauroyl-o-tolyl-biguanide, iauroylepmethoxy-phen'yl biguanide, lauroyl-o-,--m.-,= and p-ethoxyphenyll.biguanide,- lauroyl -..triaminotriethylene biguanide, stearoyl-N-methyl phenyl. .cbiguanide, stearoylemaxylyl-lbiguanide, .stearpyl-aminoeethylene a biguanide rand their parctially alkylated, especial-1y methylated'derivatives, lauroyl-dihydroxyethyl biguanide tor the lacy] biguanides capable of being producedl-fromathe remaining components mentioned inlthegeneral part. of. thepresent specification.

7 WhatI claimis: 1. .Aliprocess forthermanufaeture of -a high molecular guanamine which comprises heating anacyl -biguanide of the formula NE NH RI wherein R1 represents an alkyl radical containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, R2 represents a member of the group consisting of alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, cycloakyl and heterocyclic radicals, and R3 represents a member of the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, cycloakyl and heterocyclic radicals, to a temperature above C.

2. A process for the manufacture of a high molecular guanamine which comprises heating a compound of the formula wherein R1 represents an alkyl radical containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and R2 represents monocyclic aryl, to a temperature above 170 C. 3. A process for the manufacture of a high molecular guanamine which comprises heating a compound of the formula NH r'IH \RI wherein R1 represents an alkyl radical containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, R2 represents a member of the group consisting of alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclic radicals, and R3 represents a member of the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclic radicals, to a temperature above 170 C., and converting the resultant guanamine into a water-soluble product by the introduction thereinto of a water-solubilizing group selected from the class consisting of quaternary amino groups and sulfonic acid groups.

4. A process for the manufacture of a high molecular guanamin'e-which comprises heating a compound of'the formula wherein R1 represents an alkyl radical containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and R2 represents monocyclic aryl, to a temperature above 170 C., alkylating the resultant guanamine with a member selected from the class consisting of alkylating and aralkylating agents, and converting the resultant alkyl-guanamine into a water-soluble product by the introduction thereinto of a watersolubilizing group selected from the class consisting of quaternary amino groups and sulfonic acid groups.

5. A process for the manufacture of a high molecular guanamine sulfonic acid, which comprises heating stearoyl-xylyl-biguanide to about ISO-200 C., and sulfonating the resultant guanamine with a mixture of sulfuric acid and fuming sulfuric acid.

6; A process for the manufacture of a watersoluble high molecular methylated guanamine, which comprises heating stearoyl-hydroxyethylbiguanide to about 190-210 C., and polymethylating the resultant guanamine with dimethyl sulfate.

7. A process for the manufacture of a high molecular guanamine sulfonic acid, which comprises heating stearoyl-phenyl-biguanide to about 200 0., methylating the resultant guanamine with a molecular quantity of dimethyl sulfate, and sulfonating the resultant methyl'guanamine with a mixture of sulfuric acid and fuming sulfuric acid.

J AKOB BINDLER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record. in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS B'erichte de dent Chain, 34, pp. 25942601.

Bcrichte do cicut- Chem, 25, pp. 525, 542.

' Monatschefte fur Chemie, 48, pp. 147-153.

Bul. Intern. Acad. Science Cracovi (1907), pp. 18 and 19. 

